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American 


JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL, 

AFTER  THE  BUST  BY 
WILLIAM  ORDWAY  PARTRIDGE. 


(American 


«2 

game* 


^  ^  (Cuppfe^ 

250 


Copyright,  1892, 
BY  J.  G.  CUPPLES. 

All  rights  reserved. 


INTRODUCTION vii 

BEFORE  THE  EDINBURGH  PHILOSOPH 
ICAL  INSTITUTION  ...          i 
BEFORE   THE    LONDON    CHAMBER    OF 

COMMERCE 9 

AT  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CAMBRIDGE  15 
ON  ROBERT  BROWNING  .  .  .  21 
AT  THE  UNVEILING  OF  THE  GRAY 

MEMORIAL 25 

BEFORE  THE  TOWN  COUNCIL  OF  THE 

CITY  OF  WORCESTER  33 
ON  INTERNATIONAL  ARBITRATION      .        39 
AT  A  ROYAL  ACADEMY  DINNER         .        47 
AT  THE  STRATFORD  MEMORIAL  FOUN 
TAIN  PRESENTATION  57 
AT  THE  DINNER   TO   AMERICAN  AU 
THORS      63 

BEFORE  THE  LIVERPOOL  PHILOMATHIC 

SOCIETY Si 


AMONG  his  many  titles  to  the 
special  consideration  and  gratitude 
of  his  countrymen,  James  Russell 
Lowell  had  one  in  pre-eminence  —  an  un 
yielding  loyalty  to  all  that  was  best  in 
American  ideas  and  aims.  It  was  this 
quality  that  gave  point  to  the  wit  of 
Hosea  Biglow,  and  loftiness  to  his  im 
agination  in  his  more  serious  poems.  In 
the  earliest  of  the  Biglow  papers,  he 
calls  upon  Massachusetts  to 

"  Hold  up  a  beacon  peerless 
To  the  oppressed  of  all  the  World," 

and  the  tone  is  not  changed  to  his  very 
latest  utterance.  In  that  Commemo 
ration  Ode,  which  will  remain  the  crown 
of  his  literary  and  poetical  work,  his 
passion  found  its  highest  expression: 

"O  Beautiful!     My  Country !     *         *         * 
Smoothing  thy  gold  of  war-dishevelled  hair 
O'er  such  sweet  brows  as  never  other  wore 

******** 

What  words  divine  of  lover  or  of  poet 
Could  tell  our  love  —  and  make  thee  know 

it 

Among  the  Nations  bright  beyond   com 
pare  ? " 


viii          ^ntrotmction. 


An  impression  has  prevailed  —  and 
has  gained  credence  at  some  times 
and  in  some  places,  that,  in  his  later  years, 
and  in  the  presence  of  a  society  differ 
ently  organized  from  that  which  he  found 
at  home,  the  ardor  of  his  love  of  country 
was  quenched  :  —  that  he  became  less 
an  American  as  he  saw  more  of  other 
lands.  What  is  it  to  be  an  American  ? 
The  definition  may  vary,  in  different 
regions.  What  was  it,  always,  with 
him  ?  If  to  be  an  American  means 
merely  to  be  successful  in  a  large 
and  worldly  way  —  whether  in  politics, 
or  in  business,  or  in  letters ;  to  out- 
talk,  out-spend,  out-bid,  out-invent 
others ;  to  drive  faster ;  to  travel 
farther ;  to  push  harder ;  to  build 
bigger  houses  ;  to  found  more  richly  en 
dowed  Universities  ;  to  construct  greater 
Observatories;  to  establish  more  and  larg 
er  public  libraries  :  —  if  to  do  these  and 
similar  things  is  all  that  goes  to  make 
an  American  —  the  charge  is  true.  In 
such  sense,  Mr.  Lowell  was  not  so  good 
an  American  as  some  others.  But,  in 
the  larger  and  truer  sense  :  —  in  striving 
for  all  that  goes  to  make  a  people  more 
noble  in  aim,  more  humane,  more  intelli- 


^ntrotmction,  ix 


gent,  more  peace-loving,  more  free,  more 
self-respecting,  more  artistic,  in  short 
more  fully  men  and  women  of  the  best 
type,  —  Mr.  Lowell  may  well  be  accepted 
as  the  representative  American,  of  whom 
we  should  all  be  proud. 

It  was  his  rare  fortune  to  be  Minister  of 
the  United  States  to  Great  Britain  during 
a  most  interesting  period.  The  serious 
troubles  which  had  grown  out  of  the 
wrong  we  had  suffered  at  her  hands  dur 
ing  the  civil  war  had  been  happily  ended. 
The  era  of  reconciliation  had  begun.  In 
what  light  should  we  stand  before  the 
world,  after  winning  the  great  verdict 
in  the  Alabama  case:  —  as  a  community 
of  sharp  traders,  condoning  a  great  na 
tional  wrong  for  a  petty  sum  of  money  ? 
—  or  as  a  people  striving  chiefly  for 
the  maintenance  of  the  true  principles  of 
national  honor  and  international  comity? 
Mr.  Lowell,  perhaps  more  than  any 
one  in  America,  was  the  man  who, 
by  training,  by  culture,  by  scholarship, 
by  attainments  in  the  world  of  letters, 
by  unsullied  character,  was  fitted  to  pre 
sent  to  the  English  people  an  embodi 
ment  of  Americanism,  in  its  best  expres 
sion.  More  than  that :  —  he  was  emi- 


^fntrotmction. 


nently  fitted  to  illustrate  that  idea,  and 
give  it  weight,  dignity  and  authority. 
In  all  his  intercourse  with  the  aristo 
cratic  representatives  of  privileged 
countries,  he  —  the  plain,  untitled  repre 
sentative  of  a  democratic  government  — 
proud  to  stand  for  a  people  with  whom 
liberty  and  equality  were  supreme  terms 
—  more  than  held  his  own  in  every  trial 
of  intellect,  of  courtesy,  of  wit,  of  all 
that  wins  in  society  and  the  world.  So, 
at  last,  no  circle  was  complete  without 
him  :  —  to  claim  him  as  guest  was  mat 
ter  of  emulation. 

Some  of  these  things  are,  in  a  certain 
sense,  of  small  account.  Yet  in  a  so 
ciety  so  largely  conventional  as  all  diplo 
matic  society  is,  and  of  necessity  must 
be,  it  is  much  that  an  American  should, 
by  common  consent,  stand  at  the  head, 
even  in  matters  of  ceremonial.  It  re 
veals  a  quickness  and  versatility  of 
mind  which  is  not  common.  A  certain 
native,  spontaneous  grace,  both  of  words 
and  manner,  characterized  all  Mr.  Low 
ell's  utterances ;  and  it  was  so  truly 
genuine  that  it  could  not  fail  to 
charm,  when  the  mere  external  imita 
tion  was  sure  to  repel. 


introduction,  xi 


The  record  which  this  little  book  gives 
of  his  unstudied  speeches  and  letters  in 
England  shows  how  thoroughly  imbued 
he  was  with  the  American  idea.  It  also 
shows  how  strenuously  he  used  every  occa 
sion  to  try  to  bring  about  a  higher  and 
truer  friendship  between  the  two  great 
countries  whose  mission  it  seems  to  be 
to  uphold  and  extend  regulated  liberty 
throughout  the  world.  Some  of  these 
speeches  were  made  while  he  was 
still  accredited  Minister  to  Great 
Britain  :  others,  after  he  had  ceased  to 
hold  the  title,  though  he  remained  in 
reality  the  true  American  representative 
to  that  people.  There  is,  perhaps,  no 
other  instance  of  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  holding  such  position,  with  ever 
increasing  regard,  for  years  after  he  had 
ceased  to  be  titular  representative.  The 
honors  bestowed  on  him  by  the  Univer 
sities  were  more  than  out-done  by  the 
honor  in  which  he  was  held  by  the 
people.  The  one  was  a  tribute  to 
scholarship  and  attainments: — the 
other,  a  recognition  of  manhood  and 
integrity. 

In  the  heroic  years  which  made  up  so 
large  a  part  of  the  experience  of  all  men 


x 


in  the  United  States  from  1861  to  1865, 
Mr.  Lowell's  part  was  as  efficient  as  that 
of  many  a  general  on  the  battle  field. 
When  the  era  of  peace  and  reconciliation 
came,  he  maintained  the  same  lofty 
principles  which  had  prompted  all  his 
former  actions  and  words.  The  spirit 
which  dictated  "  The  Present  Crisis  "  so 
long  ago  as  1845,  a^so  dictated  the 
"Fourth  of  July  Ode"  in  1876.  But 
how  different  the  tone  of  these  two  im 
passioned  lyrics  !  The  one  a  vigorous, 
manly,  resistless  protest  against  the 

"  Sons  of  brutish   Force  and  Darkness 
Who  have  drenched  the  earth  with  blood:" 

The  other,a  sublime  thanksgiving  for 
the  salvation  of 

"The  Land  to  Human  Nature  dear." 

It  is  in  the  light  of  these  strenuous  out 
bursts  of  the  unconquered  spirit  of  inde 
pendence  that  his  words  spoken  in  lighter 
vein  are  to  be  read  and  considered. 
Everywhere  is  the  same  faith  and  hope  : 
—  only,  in  these  later  speeches,  they 
find  expression  in  words  fitted  for  social 
pleasantry  and  genial  intercourse. 

Nowhere  do  after-dinner  speeches  — 
which,  with  us,  are  usually  momentary 


^ntrotmction,          xiii 


and  evanescent  in  effect  —  carry  so 
much  weight  as  in  England.  There 
often  a  public  dinner  is  an  event.  Ques 
tions  of  peace  or  war  :  of  party  policy  :  of 
methods  of  administration  :  of  national 
destiny,  are  often  decided  or  directed 
by  words  spoken  at  the  dinner  table. 
Therefore,  these  speeches  of  Mr.  Lowell 
have  a  much  greater  significance  than  if 
made  on  similar  occasions  with  us. 
In  every  one  is  to  be  found  an  earn 
est  endeavor,  first  to  secure  a  higher 
appreciation  of  his  country  than  he 
found  prevailing  among  that  insular  and 
self-contained  people  :  —  and  next  to  en 
courage  and  stimulate  the  formation  of 
a  real  and  sincere  friendship  between 
the  mother  country  and  her  over-grown 
child.  He  gained  these  ends  by  the  ex 
ercise  of  unfailing  tact,  courtesy  and 
courage,  which  first  disarmed  criticism  ; 
and  then  by  presenting  considerations 
which  commanded  respect  and  carried 
conviction.  Even  his  American  humor 
gained  the  appreciation  of  these  lovers  of 
Punch. 

The  first  of  the  speeches  which  are 
here  given  was  made  in  1880  — the  last 
in  1888.  One  invariable  note  is  struck 


xiv          introduction. 


in  them  all.  Beginning  with  that  at 
Edinburgh,  he  claims  —  what  we  all 
conceive  to  be  true  —  that  the  traditions 
of  English  freedom  and  English  civiliza 
tion  have  not  only  been  maintained,  but 
also  extended,  among  us  :  and  he  refers, 
with  evident  and  just  pride,  to  the  quick 
and  intelligent  appreciation  of  Carlyle 
in  America,  long  before  he  won  recogni 
tion  in  his  own  England.  And,  in  his 
last  speech,  on  the  eve  of  leaving  Liver 
pool  to  return  home,  he  dwells  with 
great  earnestness  on  the  duty  laid  on 
English-speaking  races  everywhere  to 
carry  with  them  the  great  lessons  of 
liberty  combined  with  order. 

In  all  these  evidently  unstudied  and 
spontaneous  expressions  of  his  perma 
nent  feeling  and  conviction,  Mr.  Lowell 
claims  our  hearty  consideration.  His 
voice  is  everywhere  and  always  loyal  to 
his  native  land,  which  he  loved  and 
honored  :  to  freedom,  which  he  held 
above  all  price  :  to  that  liberty  and  civili 
zation  which  it  is  the  joint  mission  of  En 
gland  and  America  to  maintain  to  the 
uttermost.  Difference  of  methods  be 
tween  the  two  countries  there  may  be: 
but  the  end  to  be  reached  is  the  same. 


^Fntrotwction.  xv 


To  help  reach  this,  Mr.  Lowell  gave  his 
best  energies.  His  words  had  a  power 
beyond  what  he  could  have  thought 
possible.  If  there  is  now,  in  England,  a 
clearer  appreciation  of  American  ideas  : 
less  of  that  condescension  which  was 
once  so  evident  in  foreigners  :  more 
readiness  to  see  and  to  seek  the  best 
rather  than  the  worst  in  our  modes  of 
life  and  thought  :  a  clearer  understand 
ing  that,  at  heart,  we  are  one  people  — 
a  very  large  share  of  that  improved  con 
dition  is  clue  to  James  Russell  Lowell. 
The  method  of  securing  that  better  un 
derstanding  was  —  not  by  denying  or  ig 
noring  certain  manifest  short-comings  or 
over-doings  :  —  but  by  constantly  holding 
up  to  the  world  the  best  we  had  done,  or 
striven  to  do  :  — an;l,  more  than  all,  by 
illustrating  it  in  his  own  person: — so 
that  even  our  enemies  were  compelled 
to  confess  that  there  must  be  some  good 
in  our  land,  if  such  men  as  he  were  the 

"  New  birth  of  our  new  soil. " 

HENRY  STONE. 
BOSTON, 
January  i,  1892. 


for 


i. 

BEFORE    THE    EDINBURGH    PHILOSOPH 
ICAL    INSTITUTION. 

ON  Saturday  evening,  November  6, 
1880,  the  directors  of  the  Edin 
burgh  Philosophical  Institution 
entertained  Mr.  JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL, 
American  Minister,  at  dinner  in  the  Bal 
moral  Hotel  in  that  city.  Dr.  W.  Smith, 
senior  vice-president  of  the  institution, 
occupied  the  chair,  and  among  others 
present  were  the  Earl  of  Rosebery,  Lord 
Reay,  Principal  Sir  Alexander  Grant,  the 
Rev.  Professor  Flint,  and  Professor 
Blackie.  Mr.  LOWELL,  in  returning 
thanks  for  the  toast  of  his  health,  said  : 

He  thought  that  they  in  America 
had  done  quite  their  share  of  work  in 
their  short  life,  although  he  was 


American 


always  inclined  to  question  the  state 
ment  that  they  were  a  young  people. 
It  was  supposed,  somehow  or  other, 
that  they  were  autochthonic ;  that 
they  had  sprung  from  the  earth  of 
America,  as  the  Athenians  were 
said  to  have  done  from  the  soil 
of  Attica.  But  it  was  nothing  of 
the  kind.  If  he  might  be  allowed  to 
say  so,  they  began  where  those  in 
this  country  left  off.  It  must  be  re 
membered  that  they  took  with  them 
all  the  traditions  of  English  freedom 
and  of  English  civilization,  and  that 
they  not  only  maintained  them,  but, 
in  his  humble  judgment,  carried 
them  further.  (Cheers^ 

Mr.  LOWELL  concluded  by  referring  to 
early  association  on  his  part  with  Edin 
burgh. 


American 


Afterwards,  proposing  "The  health  of 
Mr.  Carlyle  and  the  Philosophical  In 
stitution  of  Edinburgh,"  Mr.  LOWELL  said 
that  — 

America  in  a  certain  sense  per 
formed  the  office  of  posterity  to  Eng 
land  and  Scotland.  Their  authors 
were  first  recognized  across  the  At 
lantic.  (Cheers.}  He  would  not  say 
it  was  owing  to  quicker  percep 
tion,  but  rather  to  their  clearness  of 
atmosphere  (laughter)  that  they  had 
this  luck  sometimes.  He  remem 
bered  particularly  a  book  which  was 
published  while  he  was  still  at  col 
lege,  and  which  produced  in  his  young 
mind  as  great  a  ferment  as  it  did 
among  all  his  contemporaries.  That 
book  was  "  Sartor  Resartus."  (Cheers.} 
It  was  first  collected  and  published  in 


American 


the  year  1836  in  the  city  of  Bos 
ton,  in  the  United  States  of 
America  (cheers)  ;  and  it  there  re 
ceived  its  first  approbation.  Their 
chairman,  Dr.  Smith,  had  told  him 
during  the  course  of  the  evening 
that  when  "Sartor  Resartus "  first 
began  to  appear  in  Fraser's  Magazine 
the  editor  received  two  letters,  one 
from  an  Irishman,  if  he  was  not  mis 
taken,  saying  that  if  that  particular 
kind  of  stuff  —  describing  it  with  what 
usually  began  with  a  "  d  "  (laughter) — 
was  to  be  continued  he  wished  his 
subscription  to  be  stopped.  The  other 
letter  was  from  an  American,  saying 
that  if  the  writer  of  "  Sartor  Resartus" 
in  Frasers  Magazine  had  written 
anything  else  he  wished  it  all  to 


American 


be  sent  to  him.  {Laughter?)  The 
second  writer  was  a  man  he  knew 
well  —  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson. 
(Clieers.}  He  remembered  being 
very  much  struck  many  years  ago 
with  something  which  Thackeray  said 
to  him.  It  was  that  Carlyle  was  his 
master.  That  was  said  nearly  thirty 
years  ago.  The  other  day  he  took  up 
a  number  of  the  Nineteenth  Century, 
and  in  an  article  by  Mr.  Ruskin  he 
observed  that  he  said  Carlyle  was 
his  master.  This  coincidence,  the  dif 
ference  between  Thackeray  and  Rus 
kin  being  remembered,  only  showed, 
he  thought,  the  universality  of  Car- 
lyle's  influence.  (Cheers.}  He  meant 
to  say  that  Carlyle  approached  dif 
ferent  men  on  different  sides,  which 


American 


was  one  of  the  strongest  marks  that 
could  be  mentioned  of  genius.  Car- 
lyle  had  found  an  approach  to  their 
intellects  and  to  their  hearts,  to  the 
intellects  and  hearts  of  a  great  variety 
of  men  of  different  nations.  He  had 
introduced  a  new  style  —  a  peculiarly 
English  style  —  of  looking  at  things, 
quite  as  much  as  Sir  Walter  Scott  in 
troduced  a  new  style  of  novel-writing. 
Sir  Walter  Scott,  he  considered,  was 
the  greatest  story-teller  of  the  age. 
(Cheers?)  Carlyle  had  the  surpris 
ing  gift  of  expressing  poetic  thought 
in  prose.  (Cheers.)  It  was  par 
ticularly  their  gratitude  to  him  on 
the  moral  and  human  side  that 
they  would  feel  in  drinking,  not 
only  with  enthusiasm,  but  with  a  sort 


American 


of  reverence,  the  health  of  Mr.  Car- 
lyle. 

The    toast   was   received   with    much 
enthusiasm.     Other  toasts  followed. 


II. 

BEFORE    THE    LONDON    CHAMBER    OF 
COMMERCE. 

THE  second  annual  dinner  of  the 
London  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
which  was  incorporated  in  1881,  was  held 
on  the  evening  of  January  29,  1883,  in 
the  Cannon-street  Hotel,  the  Right  Hon. 
H.  C.  E.  Childers,  M.  P.,  Chancellor  of 
the  Exchequer,  in  the  chair.  The  com 
pany,  which  numbered  about  180,  in 
cluded  representatives  not  only  of  the 
great  commercial  communities  of  Lon 
don  and  all  the  most  important  of  our 
colonies,  but  of  the  English-speaking 
race  in  every  part  of  the  world. 

On  the  chairman's  left  sat  the  Hon.  J. 
RUSSELL  LOWELL,  D.  C.  L.,  United  States 
Minister. 

In  proposing  "The  Chambers  of  Com 
merce  of  the  United  Kingdom  and  of 
the  Whole  World,"  he  said  : 

MR.  CHAIRMAN,  MY  LORDS  AND 
GENTLEMEN,  —  I  was  a  few  moments 
ago  discussing  with  my  excellent 


io        American 


friend  upon  the  left  what  a  diploma 
tist  might  be  permitted  to  say,  and  I 
think  the  result  of  the  discussion 
was  that  he  was  left  to  his  choice 
between  saying  nothing  that  had 
any  meaning  or  saying  something 
that  had  several  —  (laughter)  ;  and 
as  one  of  those  diplomatists  to 
whom  the  Under  Secretary  for 
Foreign  Affairs  alluded  a  short 
time  ago  I  should  rather  choose  the 
latter  course,  because  it  gives  one 
afterwards  a  selection  when  the  time 
for  explanation  comes  round.  (Laugli- 
ter^)  I  shall  not  detain  you  long,  for 
I  know  that  there  are  speakers  both 
on  the  right  and  on  the  left  of  me 
who  are  impatient  to  burst  the 
bud  ;  and  I  know  that  I  have  not 


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been  selected  for  the  pleasant  duty 
that  has  been  assigned  to  me  for  any 
merits  of  my  own.  (Cries  of  dissent.^) 
You  will  allow  me  to  choose  my 
own  reason,  gentlemen.  I  repeat, 
I  have  not  been  chosen  so  much  for 
my  own  merits  as  for  the  opportu 
nity  afforded  you  of  giving  expression 
to  your  kindness  and  good  feeling 
towards  the  country  I  represent  — 
(cheers)  —  a  country  which  exempli 
fies  what  the  colonies  of  England  may 
come  to  if  they  are  not  wisely  treated. 
(Laughter  and  cheers.)  Speaking  for 
myself  and  for  one  or  two  of  my  com 
patriots  whom  I  see  here  present,  I 
should  certainly  say  that  that  was  no 
unpleasant  destiny  in  itself.  But  I 
do  not,  nor  do  my  countrymen,  desire 


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that  those  great  commonwealths 
which  are  now  joined  to  England  by 
so  many  filial  ties  should  ever  be  sep 
arated  from  her. 

I  am  asked  to-night  to  propose  the 
"  Chambers  of  Commerce  of  the 
United  Kingdom  and  of  the  World," 
and  I  might,  if  the  clock  did  not 
warn  me  against  it  —  ("  Go  on  ")  — 
if  my  own  temperament  did  not  stand 
a  little  in  the  way  —  I  might  say  to 
you  something  very  solemn  on  the 
subject  of  commerce.  I  might  say 
how  commerce,  if  not  a  great  civilizer 
in  itself,  had  always  been  a  great  in 
termediary  and  vehicle  of  civilization. 
I  might  say  that  all  the  great  com 
mercial  States  have  been  centres  of 
civilization,  and  centres  of  those 


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forces  which  keep  civilization  from 
becoming  stupid.  I  do  not  say 
which  is  the  post  and  which  the 
propter  in  this  inference  ;  but  I  do 
say  that  the  two  things  have  been 
almost  invariably  associated. 

One  word  as  to  commerce  in  another 
relation  which  touches  me  more 
nearly.  Commerce  and  the  rights 
and  advantages  of  commerce,  ill  un 
derstood  and  ignorantly  interpreted, 
have  often  been  the  cause  of  animos 
ities  between  nations.  But  commerce 
rightly  understood  is  a  great  pacifica 
tor  ;  it  brings  men  face  to  face  for 
barter.  It  is  the  great  corrector  of 
the  eccentricities  and  enormities  of 
nature  and  of  the  seasons,  so  that  a 
bad  harvest  and  a  bad  season  in  Eng- 


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land  is  a  good  season  for  Minnesota, 
Kansas  and  Manitoba. 

But,  gentlemen,  I  will  not  detain 
you  longer.  It  gives  me  great  pleas 
ure  to  propose,  as  the  representative 
of  the  United  States,  the  toast  of 
"The  Chambers  of  Commerce  of  the 
United  Kingdom  and  of  the  Whole 
World,"  with  which  I  associate  the 
names  of  Mr.  C.  M.  Norwood,  M.  P., 
vice-president  of  the  Associated 
Chambers  of  the  United  Kingdom, 
and  the  Hon.  F.  Strutt,  president  of 
the  Derby  Chamber.  (CJiecrs.~} 


III. 

AT   THE    UNIVERSITY   OF    CAMBRIDGE. 

THE  University  of  Cambridge  having 
under  comparatively  recent  regula 
tions  given  archaeology  a  definitely-recog 
nized  position  among  the  subjects  for  the 
Classical  Tripos  examination,  has  now 
advanced  another  important  step  by  es 
tablishing  a  suitable  home  for  classical 
studies,  and  under  the  same  roof  has 
provided  a  home  for  the  antiquarian  and 
ethnological  collections  of  the  Univer 
sity.  For  the  past  eleven  years  classical 
archaeology  has  been  systematically 
taught,  but  what  was  previously  carried 
on  under  difficulties  has  been  since 
1884  pursued  under  advantageous  cir 
cumstances.  New  buildings  were  for 
mally  opened  May  6,  1884,  by  the  Vice- 
Chancellor.  Brief  addresses  were  made 
by  the  Vice-Chancellor  and  Prof.  Colvin. 
Mr.  LOWELL  then  said : 

He  also  regretted  with  the  Vice- 
Chancellor,  both  on  his  own  account 
and  on  theirs,  the  absence  of  the 


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French  Ambassador,  who  could  have 
spoken  on  archaeological  subjects 
from  the  position  of  a  master.  He 
had  been  asked  to  say  a  few  words, 
and  with  sincerity  he  could  say  that 
it  always  gave  him  great  pleasure  to 
be  the  herald  that  brought  to  the  old 
home  a  message  from  the  new.  That 
scarlet  gown,  which  had  suddenly  con 
verted  him  into  a  flaming  minister 
(laughter),  reminded  him  that  Cam 
bridge  had  adopted  him  as  one  of 
her  children.  (CJieers.}  He  there 
fore  felt  charged  to  bring  a  message 
from  the  new  Cambridge  in  the  New 
World  —  a  message  of  filial  respect  — 
to  the  old  Cambridge  in  the  Old 
World.  There  was  also  a  propriety 
in  his  being  there,  from  the  fact  that 


American  3toea&        17 

a.  great  deal  of  the  interest  which  had 
been  felt  in  this  undertaking  had  been 
stimulated  by  the  lectures  and  the 
labors  of  a  countryman  of  his  own. 
Having  said  this,  he  might  naturally 
be  expected  to  take  his  seat,  but  he 
knew  he  was  not  expected  to  do  so. 
He  was  compelled,  like  the  Ancient 
Mariner,  to  go  on  with  his  story, 
whether  he  would  or  not.  He  often 
thought  of  the  African  and  the  mon 
key.  The  African  had  a  notion  that 
the  monkey  could  speak  if  he  would, 
but  that  he  would  not  let  anybody 
know  he  could,  for  fear  he  should  be 
made  to  work.  Now,  he  had  to  ac 
knowledge  a  sort  of  prophylactic  taci 
turnity.  He  had  only  one  word  which 
had  some  bearing  on  the  subject.  He 


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was  exceedingly  interested  in  going 
through  the  museum,  under  the  able 
guidance  of  Professor  Colvin.  The 
whole  arrangement  of  it  interested 
him.  Each  cast,  almost  from  the 
rude  fetish  to  the  highest  conception 
of  the  human  brain  and  the  human 
hand,  was  very  striking.  It  was 
more  than  striking  ;  it  was  most 
hopeful  and  encouraging.  As  he 
walked  through  the  museum  he  could 
not  help  remembering  that  60  years 
ago  he  saw  in  the  museum  at  Boston 
some  casts  from  the  antique,  and  the 
ignorant  delight  which  they  first  gave 
to  his  eye  ;  he  remembered  also  the 
education  they  gave  to  his  eye  as  he 
grew  older,  and  he  should  never  for 
get  that  debt.  These  impressions 


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were  of  greater  value  and  much  more 
operative  when  made  early.  He  was 
struck,  in  going  through  the  museum 
with  Professor  Colvin,  with  the  vital 
relation  between  aesthetic  archaeology 
(if  they  would  allow  him  to  call  it  so), 
as  represented  in  the  museum,  and 
Greek  literature.  It  seemed  to  him 
that  what  one  felt  always  when 
brought  into  contact  with  the  work  of 
Grecian  hands  or  the  production  of 
the  Grecian  brain  was  its  powerful 
vitality.  By  powerful  vitality  he  did 
not  mean  merely  the  life  in  itself,  but 
the  vitality  which  it  communicated. 
Here,  it  seemed  to  him,  was  the 
great  value  of  being  brought  into 
more  intimate  relation  with  the 
Greeks.  When  he  was  looking  that 


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morning  on  the  statue  of  Nike,  the 
original  of  which  stands  at  the  head 
of  the  great  staircase  in  the  Louvre, 
it  seemed  to  him  that  it  ought  to  be 
the  figure  of  one  who  stood  on  the 
prow  of  the  ship  which  brought  the 
news  of  the  victory  of  Salamis.  It 
was  not  by  any  means  certain,  mixed 
race  that  we  were,  that  the  existence 
of  a  museum  like  that  at  Cambridge 
would  not  stir  in  some  one  an  ances 
tral  vigor,  some  hereditary  quality  or 
faculty  that  should  make  him  into  an 
artist. 


T 


IV. 

ON    ROBERT    BROWNING. 

HE  fashion  of  this  world  passed 


away,  but  the  fashion  of  those 
things  which  belonged  to  the  world  of 
imagination  —  and  it  was  most  em 
phatically  in  that  world  that  Mr. 
Browning  had  worked  —  endured  and 
never  passed.  In  1848  Mr.  Browning 
said  in  a  preface  to  a  collection  of  his 
poems  that  many  of  them  were  out 
of  print  and  of  the  rest  a  great  num 
ber  had  been  withdrawn  from  circu 
lation,  which  implied  that  even  at 
that  time  the  size  of  his  public  was 
very  small.  But  he  had  fully  demon 
strated  that  he  stood  in  no  need  of  a 
Browning  Society  to  reinforce  his 


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native  vigor,  for,  in  spite  of  the  in 
difference  of  the  public,  he  had  con 
stantly  gone  on,  from  that  time  to 
this,  producing  and  deepening  the 
impression  which  he  had  made  upon 
all  thinking  minds.  It  had  been  said 
that  he  had  no  sense  of  form,  but 
this  question  depended  upon  the 
meaning  to  be  attached  to  that  word. 
One  thing  he  thought  was  certain, 
and  that  was  that  men  who  had  dis 
cussed  form  most,  as  for  instance 
Goethe,  had  not  always  been  the 
most  successful  in  producing  ex 
amples  of  it.  Certainly  no  one  with 
any  sense  of  form  could  call  "  Faust  " 
other  than  formless.  If  form  meant 
the  use  of  adequate  and  harmonious 
means  to  produce  a  certain  artistic 


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end,  then  he  knew  no  one  who  had 
given  truer  examples  of  it  than  the 
great  poet  after  whom  that  society 
took  its  name.  He  thought  there 
was  one  danger  in  a  Browning  Society, 
which  was  that  it  might  lead  them  to 
be  partisans,  and  he  thought  he  had 
seen  some  symptoms  of  it.  They 
might  be  apt  to  insist  upon  people 
admiring  the  inferior  work  of  the 
artist  with  his  better  work,  and  this 
he  thought  would  be  an  evil.  Every 
one  who  read  Browning  with  atten 
tion,  and  who  loved  him,  must  at  the 
same  time  admit  that  he  was  occa 
sionally  whirled  away  by  the  sweep 
and  torrent  of  his  own  abundance. 
But  after  making  these  deductions, 
there  was  no  poet  who  had  given  us 


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a  greater  variety  or  who  had  shown 
more  originality.  Mr.  Browning 
abided  with  them.  He  was  not  a 
fashion,  nor  did  he  belong  to  any  one 
period  of  their  lives.  What  they  felt 
more  clearly  than  anything  else  was 
his  strength.  He  was  of  all  others  a 
masculine,  a  virile  poet. 


V. 

AT   THE   UNVEILING   OF   THE   GRAY 
MEMORIAL. 

THE  following  address  was  delivered 
on  the  occasion  of  the  unveiling  of 
the  bust  of  the  poet  Gray  in  the   hall  of 
Pembroke  College,  Cambridge,  May  26, 
1885  : 

I  have  been  asked  to  say  a  few 
words,  but  they  must  be  very  few,  as 
the  train  is  waiting  for  me  that  takes 
me  back  to  keep  an  engagement. 
Mr.  Gosse  has  told  you  he  has 
been  present  at  many  memorial  un- 
veilings,  and  the  newspapers  inform 
me  that  I  also  have  been  present  at 
the  unveiling  of  perhaps  too  many. 
But  never  have  I  been  present  on 
any  occasion  with  more  pleasure  than 
on  this.  You  have  now,  in  the 


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words  which  Lord  Houghton  quoted, 
and  which  I  would  extend  in  a  wider 
sense  than  he  did,  a  beautiful  memo 
rial  to  Gray  in  permanent  form.  We 
also,  thanks  to  Mr.  Gosse,  possess  a 
photograph  of  this  memorial  in  per 
manent  form.  But  we  have  in  our 
hearts  and  memories,  I  think,  a 
memorial  to  the  man  quite  as  true 
and  quite  as  permanent  —  that  is, 
permanent  for  us.  Very  few  words 
are  fitting  on  an  occasion  which  com 
memorates  the  one  of  the  English 
poets  who  has  written  less  and 
pleased  more  perhaps  than  any  other. 
There  is  a  certain  appropriateness  in 
my  speaking  here  to-day.  I  come 
here  to  speak  simply  as  the  represen 
tative  of  several  countrymen  and 


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countrywomen  of  mine  who  have  re 
newed  that  affirmation,  which  I  like 
always  to  renew,  of  the  unity  of  our 
English  race  by  giving  something 
more  solid  than  words  in  commemo 
ration  of  the  poet  they  loved.  And 
I  think  there  is  another  claim  which 
I  perhaps  have  for  speaking  here 
to-day,  and  that  is  that  the  most 
picturesque  anecdote  relative  to  the 
life  of  Gray  —  perhaps  the  most  pic 
turesque  related  of  the  life  of  any 
poet,  certainly  of  any  English  poet  — 
belongs  to  the  Western  hemisphere  ; 
I  mean  the  anecdote  which  connects 
the  name  of  Wolfe  with  that  of  Gray. 
Nothing  could  have  been  more  pic 
turesque  than  the  surroundings  of 
that  saying  of  Wolfe's  —  of  that 


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English  hero  —  and  nothing  could 
have  been  more  momentous  than  the 
action  and  the  consequence  that  fol 
lowed  from  it,  and  which  made  the 
United  States,  which  I  have  lately 
represented,  possible.  That,  I  think, 
gives  me  a  certain  right  also  to  speak 
here. 

I  know  that  sometimes  criticisms 
are  made  upon  Gray.  I  think 
I  have  often  heard  him  called  by 
some  of  our  juniors  "commonplace." 
Upon  my  word,  I  think  it  a  compli 
ment.  I  think  it  shows  a  certain 
generality  of  application  in  what 
Gray  has  done,  for  if  there  is  one 
thing  more  than  another  —  I  say 
this  to  the  young  men  whom  I  see 
seated  around  both  sides  of  the  hall 


American  *$bta$.        29 

—  which  insures  the  lead  in  life,  it  is 
the  commonplace.  I  have  to  measure 
my  poets,  my  authors,  by  their  last 
ing  power,  and  I  find  Gray  has  a 
great  deal  of  it.  He  not  only  pleases 
my  youth  and  my  age,  but  he  pleases 
other  people's  youth  and  age  ;  and  I 
cannot  help  thinking  this  is  a  proof 
that  he  touches  on  human  nature  at 
a  great  many  periods  and  at  a  great 
many  levels,  and,  perhaps,  that  is  as 
high  a  compliment  as  can  be  paid  to 
the  poet.  There  is,  I  admit,  a  cer 
tain  commonplaceness  of  sentiment 
in  his  most  famous  poem,  but  I  think 
there  is  also  a  certain  commonplace- 
ness  of  sentiment  in  some  verses  that 
have  been  famous  for  more  than  3000 
years.  I  think  that  when  Homer 


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saw  somebody  smiling  through  her 
tears  he  said,  on  the  whole,  a  com 
monplace  thing,  but  it  touched  our 
feelings  for  a  great  many  centuries  ; 
and  I  think  that  in  the  "  Elegy  in  a 
Country  Churchyard  "  Gray  has  ex 
pressed  a  simple  sentiment,  and  as 
long  as  there  are  young  men  and 
middle-aged  men,  Gray's  poem  will 
continue  to  be  read  and  loved  as  in 
the  days  when  it  was  written.  There 
is  a  Spanish  proverb  which  rebukes 
those  people  who  ask  something 
better  than  bread.  Let  those  who 
ask  for  something  better  get  some 
thing  better  than  what  Gray  pro 
duced.  For  my  own  part  I  ask  noth 
ing  better.  He  was,  perhaps,  the 
greatest  artist  in  words  that  English 


American  ^Ftieag,        31 

literature  has  possessed.  In  con 
clusion,  let  me  say  one  word  for  my 
self.  This  will  probably  be  the  last 
occasion  on  which  I  shall  have  the 
opportunity  of  addressing  English 
men  in  public  ;  and  I  wish  to  express 
my  heartfelt  gratitude  for  the  kind 
ness  which  has  surrounded  me  both 
in  my  official  and  private  life,  and  to 
say  that  while  I  came  here  as  a  far-off 
cousin,  I  feel  you  are  sending  me 
away  as  something  like  a  brother. 


VI. 

BEFORE  THE  TOWN  COUNCIL  OF  THE 
CITY  OF  WORCESTER. 

THE  following  reply  from  the  Hon. 
J.  RUSSELL  LOWELL  to  an  address 
presented  to  him  by  the  Mayor  of 
Worcester  on  behalf  of  the  citizens  was 
read  at  the  meeting  of  the  Worcester 
Town  Council  on  the  evening  of  June  2, 
1885,  and  ordered  to  be  recorded  on  the 
minutes : 

MR.  MAYOR  AND  GENTLEMEN,  — 
While  I  cannot  but  feel  highly  hon 
ored  by  the  beautiful  proof  you  have 
just  given  me  that  I  am  not  forgotten 
by  the  ever-faithful  city,  I  value  even 
more  the  kindly  sentiment  which 
prompted  it,  and  to  which  you  have 
given  such  graceful  expression.  I 
am  well  aware  that  it  is  to  what  I 


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represent  far  more  than  to  any  merit 
of  my  own  that  I  owe  this  distinction, 
and  that  consciousness  makes  it 
doubly  grateful  to  me.  They  who 
endured  exile  and  danger  and  every 
form  of  hardship  to  found  the  great 
kindred  commonwealth  beyond  the 
sea  —  and  what  that  exile  must  have 
been  they  only  can  feel  who  know 
how  beautiful  and  how  justly  dear 
was  the  land  they  left  —  took  with 
them,  not  only  such  seeds  as  would 
bear  good  fruit  for  the  body,  but  those 
also  of  many  a  familiar  flower  that 
could  serve  only  as  food  for  senti 
ment  and  affection.  Yet  the  most 
precious  gems  of  all  were  those  of 
memory  and  tradition,  that  had  the  gift 
of  fern-seed  to  go  with  them  invisibly. 


American  ^Dea^        35 


They  could  not  forget  the  land  of 
their  birth,  nor  can  we,  their  descen 
dants,  forget  the  land  of  our  ancestry. 
They  fondly  gave  the  old  names  to  the 
new  hamlets  they  were  planting  in 
the  wilderness.  The  central  county 
of  my  native  State  is  a  namesake  of 
yours.  It  calls  itself  proudly  the 
heart  of  the  Commonwealth,  and  its 
beautiful  chief  city  is  Worcester. 
You  knew  how  to  touch  a  chord  of 
tenderest  association  when,  four 
years  ago,  you  claimed  me  as  of 
Worcestershire  because  my  fore 
fathers  (the  Lowells)  had  been  so. 
You  have  been  pleased,  Sir,  to  say 
that  I  have  done  something  to 
strengthen  the  good  feeling  between 
the  two  great  households  of  the 


36        American 


English  family.  I  am  glad  to  think 
that  I  in  any  way  deserve  this  praise, 
for  I  look  upon  that  good  feeling  as 
of  vital  interest  to  the  best  hopes  and 
aspirations  ef  mankind.  I  am  sure 
that  you  will  find  my  excellent  suc 
cessor  animated  by  the  same  senti 
ment,  and  as  happy  as  I  have  always 
been,  while  warmly  loyal  to  the  coun 
try  that  is  and  should  be  the  dearest 
of  all,  to  recognize  ties  of  blood,  of 
language,  and  of  kindred  institutions 
which  make  England  the  next  dearest. 
As  for  me,  Sir,  the  precious  gift 
you  have  brought  me,  truly  illumin 
ated  by  its  charming  picture  of  build 
ings,  some  of  them  dear  for  their 
beauty,  some  because  they  recall  your 
kindness  or  that  of  friends  who  have 


•   American  ^fceag,        37 

made  me  feel  as  if,  when  I  went  to 
Worcester,  I  was  going  home,  is  only 
another  witness  of  that  universal 
kindness  (may  I  not  say  affection  ?) 
by  which  the  land  of  my  fathers 
has  gone  near  to  make  me  fancy  that 
I  was  a  son  rather  than  a  far-off 
cousin.  As  such  it  will  always  be 
justly  dear  to  me  and  mine. 

Wishing  continued  prosperity  to  the 
city  of  Worcester,  I  remain,  etc., 

J.  R.   LOWELL. 


VII. 

ON    INTERNATIONAL    ARBITRATION. 

A  NUMEROUS  deputation  from  the 
Workmen's  Peace  Association, 
headed  by  Mr.  W.  R.  Cremer,  waited  on 
Mr.  LOWELL,  at  the  official  residence  in 
Albemarle  street,  on  the  evening  of  June 
6,  1885,  for  the  purpose  of  presenting  to 
him  an  address  preparatory  to  his  leav 
ing  England  for  the  United  States.  Mr. 
LOWELL,  in  reply,  said  : 

I  have  been  exceedingly  touched 
latterly  by  the  kindness  which  I  have 
received  here  in  England  from  all 
classes,  but  never  have  I  been  more 
profoundly  touched  than  by  the  depu 
tation  that  has  now  waited  upon  me 
to  express  the  kind  wishes  of  the 
English  Workingmen.  I  have  twice 
had  the  pleasure  of  addressing  work 
ing  men  since  I  have  been  in  Eng- 


40        American 


land,  and  I  have  been  gratified  to  find 
that,  among  all  the  audiences  to 
whom  I  have  spoken,  there  were 
none  more  intelligent.  They  were  ex 
ceedingly  quick  to  catch  all  points  and 
exceedingly  agreeable  to  talk  to. 

You  must  not  think  that  I  have 
forgotten  the  part  taken  by  the  work 
ing  men  of  England  during  our  civil 
war  —  I  won't  say  on  behalf  of  the 
North,  because  now  we  are  a  united 
people  —  on  the  side  of  good  order 
and  freedom  ;  and  on  the  only  occa 
sion  when  I  had  an  opportunity  of 
saying  so  —  that  was  when  speaking 
to  the  provincial  press  in  London  —  I 
alluded  to  the  subject.  I  agree  with 
you  entirely  on  the  importance  of  a 
good  understanding  and  much  more 


American  3&ea£.        41 


between  England  and  the  United 
States,  and  between  the  two  chief 
branches  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race. 
I  think  you  exaggerate  a  good 
deal  of  my  own  merit  in  relation 
to  anything  of  that  sort,  but  I 
have  always  had  a  feeling  about  me 
that  a  war  between  the  two  countries 
would  be  a  civil  war,  and  I  believe  a 
cordial  understanding  between  them 
to  be  absolutely  essential,  not  only  to 
the  progress  of  reasonable  liberty, 
but  its  preservation  and  its  extension 
to  other  races.  (Hear,  hear.} 

It  is  a  particular  pleasure  to  me  on 
another  account  to  meet  English 
workmen.  I  notice  that,  however 
ardent  they  may  be  in  their  aspira 
tions  and  however  theoretical  on 


42        American 


some  points,  they  are  always  reason 
able.  The  individual  man  may  set 
the  impossible  before  him  as  some 
thing  to  be  obtained,  but  I  think 
those  communities  of  men  have  pros 
pered  the  best  who  have  aimed  at 
what  is  possible.  We  see  daily  illus 
trations  of  that,  and  anybody  who 
has  studied  the  history  of  France 
would  be  convinced  that,  though 
England  has  a  form  of  Government 
not  so  free  as  that  country,  yet  you 
have  made  a  greater  advance  towards 
good  will  among  men  and  towards 
peace  than  France  has  done.  I  do 
not  wish  you  to  suppose  that  I  am 
out  of  sympathy  with  what  I  call  the 
French  Revolution  —  although  I  con 
sider  it  an  enormous  misfortune, 


American  5F&ca&        43 

which  might  have  been  prevented, 
and  France  saved  from  many  evil 
consequences  that  followed  —  but  the 
manner  in  which  it  took  place  we 
ought  all  to  regard. 

Since  I  have  been  in  England  I 
have  done  something,  I  trust,  to  pro 
mote  a  cordial  feeling  between  this 
country  and  the  United  States.  That 
has  been  my  earnest  desire  always, 
and  I  hope  I  have  to  some  extent 
succeeded.  You  will  allow  me  to 
thank  you  warmly  for  this  address, 
which  I  shall  always  feel  to  be  among 
my  most  precious  possessions,  and  I 
shall  carry  to  the  workmen  on  the 
other  side  of  the  Atlantic  the  mes 
sage  expressive  of  your  sympathy 
and  hope.  I  hope  the  occasion  will 


44        American 


not  ever  arise  even  for  arbitration. 
I  think  if  we  can  talk  together  face 
to  face  we  shall  be  able  to  settle  all 
differences.  I  am  certain  that  the 
relations  between  the  two  countries 
are  now  of  a  most  amicable  and 
friendly  kind,  and  I  am  sure  that  my 
successor  is  as  strongly  impressed  as 
I  could  be  with  the  necessity  of 
strengthening  those  friendly  rela 
tions.  I  trust  the  necessity  for  arbi 
tration  may  never  arise  between  us  ; 
I  do  not  think  it  will. 

You  will  again  allow  me  to  give  you 
my  most  hearty  and  profound  thanks 
for  the  kindness  you  have  done  me  and 
to  wish  you  all  manner  of  prosperity.  I 
trust  also  that  that  reign  of  peace  to 
which  you  allude  may  come  soon  and 


American  5FDea£.        45 

last  long.  I  appreciate  extremely 
what  Mr.  Cremer  said  as  to  your 
sympathy  with  the  Northern  States 
in  the  Civil  War,  with  whom  no  one 
could  help  sympathizing  if  they  went 
to  the  root  of  the  matter.  I  believe 
in  peace  as  strongly  as  any  man  can 
do,  but  I  believe  also  that  there  are 
occasions  when  war  is  less  disastrous 
than  peace ;  that  there  are  times 
when  one  must  resort  to  what  goes 
before  all  law,  and  what,  indeed, 
forms  the  foundation  of  it  —  the  law 
of  the  strongest ;  and  that,  as  a  gen 
eral  rule,  the  strongest  deserve  to  get 
the  best  of  the  struggle.  They  say 
satirically  that  God  is  on  the  side  of 
the  strong  battalions,  but  I  think  they 


46        American 


are  sometimes  in  the  right,  and  my 
experience  goes  to  prove  that. 

[The  address,  engrossed  on  vellum, 
was  afterwards  transmitted  to  Mr.  LOW 
ELL  in  America.] 


VIII. 

AT   A    ROYAL   ACADEMY    DINNER. 

ON  Saturday  evening,  May  3,  1886, 
the  annual  dinner  of  the  Royal  Aca 
demy  was  held  at  Burlington  House,  the 
chair  being  occupied  by  the  president,  Sir 
Frederic  Leighton.  On  his  right  hand 
were  the  Prince  of  Wales,  and  the  Duke 
of  Cambridge,  Prince  Christian,  Prince 
Henry  of  Battenberg,  the  Duke  of  Teck, 
the  Lord  Chancellor,  and  the  Archbishop 
of  York  ;  and  on  his  left  hand  were 
Prince  Albert  Victor  of  Wales,  the 
Austro-Hungarian  Ambassador,  the  Ital 
ian  Ambassador,  etc.,  etc. 

Mr.  LOWELL,  in  responding  for  "Liter 
ature,"  said  : 

YOUR  ROYAL  HIGHNESSES,  MY 
LORDS,  AND  GENTLEMEN,  —  I  think  I 
can  explain  who  the  artist  might  have 
been  who  painted  the  reversed  rainbow 
of  which  the  professor  has  just  spoken. 
I  think,  after  hearing  the  too  friendly 


48        American 


remarks  made  about  myself,  that  he 
was  probably  some  artist  who  was  to 
answer  for  his  art  at  a  dinner  of  the 
Royal  Society  (laughter);  and,  natur 
ally,  instead  of  painting  the  bow  of 
hope,  he  painted  the  reverse,  the  bow 
of  despair.  (Laughter?)  When  I 
received  your  invitation,  Mr.  Presi 
dent,  to  answer  for  "  Literature,"  I 
was  too  well  aware  of  the  difficulties 
of  your  position  not  to  know  that 
'your  choice  of  speakers  must  be 
guided  much  more  by  the  necessities 
of  the  occasion  than  by  the  laws  of 
natural  selection.  (Laughter  and 
cheers.}  I  remembered  that  the 
dictionaries  give  a  secondary  mean 
ing  to  the  phrase  "  to  answer  for," 
and  that  is  the  meaning  which  im- 


American  3^0*0*        49 

plies  some  expedient  for  an  immediate 
necessity,  as  for  example,  when  one 
takes  shelter  under  a  tree  from  a 
shower  one  is  said  to  make  the  tree 
answer  for  an  umbrella.  {Laughter.} 
I  think  even  an  umbrella  in  the  form 
of  a  tree  has  certainly  one  very  great 
advantage  over  its  artificial  namesake 
—  viz..  that  it  cannot  be  borrowed 
(laughter),  not  even  for  the  exigen 
cies  for  which  the  instrument  made 
of  twilled  silk  is  made  use  of,  as  those 
certainly  will  admit  who  have  ever 
tried  it  during  one  of  those  passionate 
paroxysms  of  weather  to  which  the 
Italian  climate  is  unhappily  subject. 
(Laughter.}  I  shall  not  attempt  to 
answer  for  literature,  for  it  appears  to 
me  that  literature,  of  all  other  things, 


50        American 


is  the  one  which  is  most  naturally  ex 
pected  to  answer  for  itself.  It  seems 
to  me  that  the  old  English  phrase 
with  regard  to  a  man  in  difficulties, 
which  asks  "  What  is  he  going  to  do 
about  it  ?  "  perhaps  should  be  replaced 
in  this  period  of  ours,  when  the  found 
ations  of  everything  are  being  sapped 
by  universal  discussion,  with  the  more 
pertinent  question,  "What  is  he 
going  to  say  about  it?"  (  "  Hear, 
hear"  and  laughter?)  I  suppose  that 
every  man  sent  into  the  world  with 
something  to  say  to  his  fellow  men 
could  say  it  better  than  anyone  else 
if  he  could  only  find  out  what  it  was. 
(Laughter?)  I  am  sure  that  the 
ideal  after-dinner  speech  is  waiting 
for  me  somewhere  with  my  address 


American  ^Deag.        51 


upon  it,  if  I  could  only  be  so  lucky 
as  to  come  across  it.  {Laughter.'} 
I  confess  that  hard  necessity,  or  per 
haps,  I  may  say,  too  soft  good  nature, 
has  compelled  me  to  make  so  many 
unideal  ones  that  I  have  almost  ex 
hausted  my  natural  stock  of  univer 
sally  applicable  sentiment  and  my  ac 
quired  provision  of  anecdote  and 
allusion.  {Laughter.}  I  find  my 
self  somewhat  in  the  position  of 
Heine,  who  had  prepared  an  elabo 
rate  oration  for  his  first  interview 
with  Goethe,  and  when  the  awful 
moment  arrived  could  only  stammer 
out  that  the  cherries  on  the  road  to 
Weimar  were  uncommonly  fine. 
(Laughter.} 
But,  fortunately,  the  duty  which  is 


52        American 


given  to  me  to-night  is  not  so  onerous 
as  might  be  implied  in  the  sentiment 
which  has  called  me  up.  I  am  con 
soled  not  only  by  the  lexicographer 
as  to  the  meaning  of  the  phrase  "  to 
answer  for,"  but  also  by  an  observa 
tion  of  mine,  which  is  that  speakers 
on  an  occasion  like  this  are  not  al 
ways  expected  to  allude  except  in 
distant  and  vague  terms  to  the  sub 
ject  on  which  they  are  specially  sup 
posed  to  talk.  Now,  I  have  a  more 
pleasing  and  personal  duty,  it  appears 
to  me,  on  this  my  first  appearance 
before  an  English  audience  on  my 
return  to  England.  It  gives  me 
great  pleasure  to  think  that  in  calling 
upon  me,  you  call  upon  me  as  repre 
senting  two  things  which  are  exceed- 


American  Sfocag,        53 

ingly  dear  to  me,  and  which  are  very 
near  to  my  heart.  One  is  that  I 
represent  in  some  sense  the  unity  of 
English  literature  under  whatever 
sky  it  may  be  produced  (cheers) ;  and 
the  other  is  that  I  represent  also  that 
growing  friendliness  of  feeling,  based 
on  a  better  understanding  of  each 
other,  which  is  growing  up  between 
the  two  branches  of  the  British  stock. 
(Cheers. ,)  I  could  wish  that  my  ex 
cellent  successor  here  as  American 
Minister  could  fill  my  place  to-night, 
for  I  am  sure  that  he  is  as  fully  in 
spired  as  I  ever  was  with  a  desire  to 
draw  closer  the  ties  of  friendship  be 
tween  the  mother  and  daughter,  and 
could  express  it  in  a  more  eloquent 
and  more  emphatic  manner  than  even 


54        American 


I  myself  could  do,  —  at  any  rate  in  a 
more  authoritative  manner. 

For  myself  I  have  only  to  say  that 
I  come  back  from  my  native  land 
confirmed  in  my  love  of  it  and  in 
my  faith  in  it.  I  come  back  also  full 
of  warm  gratitude  for  the  feeling  that 
I  find  in  England  ;  I  find  in  the  old 
home  a  guest  chamber  prepared  for 
me  and  a  warm  welcome.  (Cheers.} 
Repeating  what  his  Royal  Highness 
the  commander-in-chief  has  said,  that 
every  man  is  bound  in  duty  if  he  were 
not  bound  in  affection  and  loyalty  to 
put  his  own  country  first,  I  may  be 
allowed  to  steal  a  leaf  out  of  the  book 
of  my  adopted  fellow-citizens  in 
America  ;  and  while  I  love  my  native 
country  first,  as  is  natural,  I  may  be 


American  ^fceag,        55 

allowed  to  say  I  love  the  country 
next  best  which  I  cannot  say  has 
adopted  me,  but  which  I  will  say  has 
treated  me  with  such  kindness,  where 
I  have  met  with  such  universal  kind 
ness  from  all  classes  and  degrees  of 
people,  that  I  must  put  that  country 
at  least  next  in  my  affection. 
(Cheers.^  I  will  not  detain  you 
longer.  I  know  that  the  essence  of 
speaking  here  is  to  be  brief,  but  I 
trust  I  shall  not  lay  myself  open  to 
the  reproach  that  in  my  desire  to  be 
brief  I  have  resulted  in  making  my 
self  obscure.  (Laughter.}  I  hope 
I  have  expressed  myself  explicitly 
enough ;  but  I  would  venture  to  give 
another  translation  of  Horace's  words, 
and  say  that  I  desire  to  be  brief,  and 


56        American 


therefore  I  efface  myself.    {Laughter 
and  cheers.^) 


IX. 

AT  THE    STRATFORD    MEMORIAL  FOUN 
TAIN     PRESENTATION. 

THE  memorial  fountain  presented  to 
Stratford-on-Avon  by  Mr.  George 
W.  Childs,  of  Philadelphia,  was  inaugur 
ated  Monday,  October  17,  1887.  Mr. 
JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWELL  sent  the  follow 
ing  letter : 

I  should  more  deeply  regret  my 
inability  to  be  present  at  the  interest 
ing  ceremonial  of  the  i/th  were  it 
not  that  my  countrymen  will  be  more 
fitly  and  adequately  represented  there 
by  their  accomplished  Minister,  Mr. 
Phelps.  The  occasion  is  certainly  a 
most  interesting  one.  The  monu 
ment  which  you  accept  to-day  in  be 
half  of  your  townsmen  commemorates 
at  once  the  most  marvellous  of  Eng- 


58        American 


lishmen  and  the  jubilee  year  of  the 
august  lady  whose  name  is  honored 
wherever  the  language  is  spoken,  of 
which  he  was  the  greatest  master. 
No  symbol  could  more  aptly  serve 
this  double  purpose  than  a  fountain, 
for  surely  no  poet  ever  poured  forth 
so  broad  a  river  of  speech  as  he, 
whether  he  was  the  author  of  the 
"  Novum  Organum  "  also  or  not.  Nor 
could  the  purity  of  her  character  and 
example  be  better  typified  than  by 
the  current  that  shall  flow  forever 
from  the  sources  opened  here  to-day. 
It  was  Washington  Irving  who  first 
embodied  in  his  delightful  English 
the  emotion  which  Stratford-on-Avon 
awakes  in  the  heart  of  the  pilgrim, 
and  especially  of  the  American  pil- 


American  3ffcea&        59 

grim,  who  visits  it.  I  am  glad  to 
think  that  this  memorial  should  be 
the  gift  of  an  American  and  thus 
serve  to  recall  the  kindred  blood  of 
two  great  nations,  joint  heirs  of  the 
same  noble  language  and  of  the  genius 
that  has  given  it  a  cosmopolitan  sig 
nificance.  I  am  glad  of  it  because  it 
is  one  of  the  multiplying  signs  that 
those  two  nations  are  beginning  to 
think  more  and  more  of  the 
things  in  which  they  sympathize  and 
less  and  less  of  those  in  which  they 
differ.  A  common  language  is  not 
indeed,  the  surest  bond  of  amity,  for 
this  enables  each  country  to  under 
stand  whatever  unpleasant  thing  the 
other  may  chance  to  say  about  it. 
As  I  am  one  of  those  who  believe 


60        American 


that  an  honest  friendship  between 
England  and  America  is  a  most  desir 
able  thing,  I  trust  that  we  shall  on 
both  sides  think  it  equally  desirable 
in  our  intercourse  one  with  another 
to  make  our  mother  tongue  search 
her  coffers  round  for  the  polished 
rather  than  the  sharp-cornered  epithets 
she  has  stored  there.  Let  us  by  all 
means  speak  the  truth  to  each  other, 
for  there  is  no  one  else  who  can  speak 
it  to  either  of  us  with  such  a  fraternal 
instinct  for  the  weak  point  of  the 
other;  but  let  us  do  it  in  such  wise 
as  to  show  that  it  is  the  truth  we  love 
and  not  the  discomfort  we  can  inflict 
by  means  of  it.  Let  us  say  agree 
able  things  to  each  other  and  of  each 
other  whenever  we  conscientiously 


American  3toea&        61 


can.  My  friend,  Mr.  Childs,  has  said 
one  of  these  agreeable  things  in  a 
very  solid  and  durable  way.  A  com 
mon  literature  and  a  common  respect 
for  certain  qualities  of  character  and 
ways  of  thinking  supply  a  neutral 
ground  where  we  may  meet  in  the 
assurance  that  we  shall  find  something 
amiable  in  each  other,  and  from  being 
less  than  kind  become  more  than  kin. 
In  old  maps  the  line  which  out 
lined  British  possessions  in  America 
included  the  greater  part  of  what  is 
now  territory  of  the  United  States. 
The  possessions  of  the  American  in 
England  are  laid  down  on  no  map, 
yet  he  holds  them  in  memory  and 
imagination  by  a  title  such  as  no  con 
quest  ever  established  and  no  revolu- 


62        American 


lution  can  ever  overthrow.  The  dust 
that  is  sacred  to  you  is  sacred  to  him. 
The  annals  which  Shakspeare  makes 
walk  before  us  in  flesh  and  blood 
are  his  no  less  than  yours.  These 
are  the  ties  which  we  recognize,  and 
are  glad  to  recognize,  on  occasions  like 
this.  They  will  be  yearly  drawn 
closer  as  science  goes  on  with  her 
work  of  abolishing  time  and  space, 
and  thus  render  more  easy  that  peace 
ful  commerce  'twixt  dividable  shores 
which  is  so  potent  to  clear  away  what 
ever  is  exclusive  in  nationality  or 
savors  of  barbarism  in  patriotism. 
I  remain,  dear  Mr.  Mayor, 
Faithfully  yours, 

J.  R.  LOWELL. 


X. 

AT    THE    DINNER    TO    AMERICAN 
AUTHORS. 

THE  dinner  of  the  Incorporated  So 
ciety  of  Authors,  on  July  25,  1888, 
was  given  to  the  "  American  Men  and 
Women  of  Letters"  who  happened  to 
be  in  London  on  that  date.  Mr.  LOWELL 
spoke  as  follows  : 

I  confess  that  I  rise  under  a  certain 
oppression.  There  was  a  time  when 
I  went  to  make  an  after-dinner  speech 
with  a  light  heart,  and  when  on  my 
way  to  the  dinner  I  could  think  over 
my  exordium  in  my  cab  and  trust  to 
the  spur  of  the  moment  for  the  rest 
of  my  speech.  But  I  find  as  I  grow 
older  a  certain  aphasia  overtakes  me, 
a  certain  inability  to  find  the  right 
word  precisely  when  I  want  it  ;  and  I 


64        SCmmcan 


find  also  that  my  flank  becomes  less 
sensitive  to  the  exhilarating  influences 
of  that  spur  to  which  I  have  just  al 
luded.  I  had  pretty  well  made  up 
my  mind  not  to  make  any  more  after- 
dinner  speeches.  I  had  an  impres 
sion  that  I  had  made  quite  enough  of 
them  for  a  wise  man  to  speak,  and 
perhaps  more  than  it  was  profitable 
for  other  wise  men  to  listen  to.  I 
confess  that  it  was  with  some  reluc 
tance  that  I  consented  to  speak  at  all 
to-night.  I  had  been  bethinking  me 
of  the  old  proverb  of  the  pitcher  and 
well  which  is  mentioned,  as  you  re 
member,  in  the  proverb  ;  and  it  was 
not  altogether  a  consolation  to  me  to 
think  that  that  pitcher,  which  goes 
once  too  often  to  the  well,  belongs  to 


American  ^Deag,        65 


the  class  which  is  taxed  by  another 
proverb  with  too  great  length  of  ears. 
But  I  could  not  resist.  I  certainly 
felt  that  it  was  my  duty  not  to  refuse 
myself  to  an  occasion  like  this  —  an 
occasion  which  deliberately  empha 
sizes,  as  well  as  expresses,  that  good 
feeling  between  our  two  countries 
which,  I  think,  every  good  man  in 
both  of  them  is  desirous  to  deepen 
and  to  increase.  If  I  look  back  to 
anything  in  my  life  with  satisfaction, 
it  is  to  the  fact  that  I  myself  have,  in 
some  degree,  contributed  —  and  I 
hope  I  may  believe  the  saying  to  be 
true  —  to  this  good  feeling.  You 
alluded,  Mr.  Chairman,  to  a  date 
which  gave  me,  I  must  confess,  what 
we  call  on  the  other  side  of  the  water 


66        American 


"  a  rather  large  contract."  I  am  to  re 
ply,  I  am  to  answer  to  literature,  and 
I  must  confess  that  a  person  like  my 
self,  who  first  appeared  in  print  fifty 
years  ago,  would  hardly  wish  to  be 
answerable  for  all  his  own  literature, 
not  to  speak  of  the  literature  of  other 
people.  But  your  allusion  to  sixty 
years  ago  reminded  me  of  something 
which  struck  me  as  I  looked  down 
these  tables. 

Sixty  years  ago  the  two  authors 
you  mentioned,  Irving  and  Cooper, 
were  the  only  two  American  authors 
of  whom  anything  was  known  in 
Europe,  and  the  knowledge  of  them 
in  Europe  was  mainly  confined  to 
England.  It  is  true  that  Bryant's 
"Water-Fowl  "  had  already  begun  its 


American  ^fceag,        67 

flight  in  immortal  air,  but  these  were 
the  only  two  American  authors  that 
could  be  said  to  be  known  in  England. 
And  what  is  even  more  remarkable, 
they  were  the  only  American  authors 
at  that  time — there  were,  and  had 
been,  others  known  to  us  at  home  — 
who  were  capable  of  earning  their 
bread  by  their  pens.  Another  sin 
gular  change  is  suggested  to  me  as  I 
look  down  these  tables,  and  that  is 
the  singular  contrast  they  afford  be 
tween  the  time  when  Johnson  wrote 
his  famous  lines  about  those  ills  that 
assail  the  life  of  the  scholar,  and  by 
the  scholar  he  meant  the  author  — 
Toil,  envy,  want,  the  patron,  and  the  gaol. 
And  I  confess  when  I  remember  that 
verse  it  strikes  me  as  a  singular  con- 


68        American 


trast  that  I  should  meet  with  a  body 
of  authors  who  are  able  to  offer  a 
dinner  instead  of  begging  one  ;  that 
I  have  sat  here  and  seen  "  forty  feed 
ing  like  one,"  when  one  hundred 
years  ago  the  one  fed  like  forty  when 
he  had  the  chance.  You  have  al 
luded  also,  in  terms  which  I  shall  not 
qualify,  to  my  own  merits.  You  have 
made  me  feel  a  little  as  if  I  were  a 
ghost  revisiting  the  pale  glimpses  of 
the  moon,  and  reading  with  consider 
able  wonder  my  own  epitaph.  But 
you  have  done  me  more  than  justice 
in  attributing  so  much  to  me  with  re 
gard  to  International  Copyright.  You 
are  quite  right  in  alluding  to  Mr. 
Putnam,  who,  I  think,  wrote  the  best 
pamphlet  that  has  been  written  on 


American  %bt&$.        69 


the  subject  ;  and  there  are  others  you 
did  not  name  who  also  deserve  far 
more  than  I  do  for  the  labor  they 
have  expended  and  the  zeal  they  have 
shown  on  behalf  of  International 
Copyright,  particularly  the  secretaries 
of  our  international  society  —  Mr. 
Lathrop  and  Mr.  G.  W.  Green.  And 
since  I  could  not  very  well  avoid 
touching  upon  the  subject  of  Inter 
national  Copyright,  I  must  say  that 
all  American  authors  without  excep 
tion  have  been  in  favor  of  it  on  the 
moral  ground,  on  the  ground  of  simple 
justice  to  English  authors.  But 
there  were  a  great  many  local,  topical 
considerations,  as  our  ancestors  used 
to  call  them,  that  we  were  obliged  to 
take  into  account,  and  which,  per- 


70        American 


haps,  you  do  not  feel  as  keenly  here 
as  we  did.  But  I  think  we  may  say 
that  the  almost  unanimous  conclusion 
of  American  authors  latterly  has  been 
that  we  should  be  thankful  to  get  any 
bill  that  recognized  the  principle  of 
international  copyright,  being  con 
fident  that  its  practical  application 
would  so  recommend  it  to  the  Amer 
ican  people  that  we  should  get  after 
wards,  if  not  every  amendment  of  it 
that  we  desire,  at  least  every  one  that 
is  humanly  possible.  I  think  that 
perhaps  a  little  injustice  has  been 
done  to  our  side  of  the  question  ;  I 
think  a  little  more  heat  has  been  im 
ported  into  it  than  was  altogether 
wise.  I  am  not  so  sure  that  our 
American  publishers  were  so  much 


American  5&ca£.        71 

more  wicked  than  their  English 
brethren  would  have  been  if  they  had 
had  the  chance.  I  cannot,  I  confess, 
accept  with  patience  any  imputation 
that  implies  that  there  is  anything  in 
our  climate  or  in  our  form  of  govern 
ment  that  tends  to  produce  a  lower 
standard  of  morality  than  in  other 
countries.  The  fact  is  that  it  has 
been  partly  due  to  a  certain  —  may  I 
speak  of  our  ancestors  as  having  been 
qualified  by  a  certain  dulness  ?  I 
mean  no  disrespect,  but  I  think  it  is 
clue  to  the  stupidity  of  our  ancestors 
in  making  a  distinction  between  lit 
erary  property  and  other  property. 
That  has  been  at  the  root  of  the  whole 
evil. 

I,  of  course,  understand,  as  every- 


72        American 


body  understands,  that  all  property 
is  the  creature  of  municipal  law. 
But  you  must  remember  that  it  is  the 
conquest  of  civilization,  that  when 
property  passes  beyond  the  bounda 
ries  of  that  municipinm  it  is  still 
sacred.  It  is  not  even  yet  sacred  in 
all  respects  and  conditions.  Litera 
ture,  the  property  in  an  idea,  has  been 
something  that  it  is  very  difficult  for 
the  average  man  to  comprehend.  It 
is  not  difficult  for  the  average  man 
to  comprehend  that  there  may  be 
property  in  a  form  which  genius  or 
talent  gives  to  an  idea.  He  can  see 
it.  It  is  visible  and  palpable,  this 
property  in  an  idea  when  it  is  exem 
plified  in  a  machine,  but  it  is  hardly 
so  apprehensible  when  it  is  subtly  in- 


American  ^fceag.        73 


terfused  in  literature.  Books  have 
always  been  looked  on  somewhat  as 
ferce  natnra,  and  if  you  have  ever 
preserved  pheasants  you  know  that 
when  they  fly  over  your  neighbor's 
boundaries  he  may  take  a  pot  shot  at 
them.  I  remember  that  something 
more  than  thirty  years  ago  Longfel 
low,  my  friend  and  neighbor,  asked 
me  to  come  and  eat  a  game  pie  with 
him.  Longfellow's  books  had  been 
sold  in  England  by  the  tens  of  thou 
sands,  and  that  game  pie  —  and  you 
will  observe  the  felicity  of  its  being  a 
game  pie,  ferce  nattirce  always  you 
see  —  was  the  only  honorarium  he 
had  ever  received  from  this  country 
for  reprinting  his  works.  I  cannot 
help  feeling  as  I  stand  here  that  there 


74        American 


is  something  especially  —  I  might 
almost  use  a  cant  word  and  say  monu 
mentally  —  interesting  in  a  meeting 
like  this.  It  is  the  first  time  that 
English  and  American  authors,  so  far 
as  I  know,  have  come  together  in  any 
numbers,  I  was  going  to  say  to  frater 
nize  when  I  remembered  that  I  ought 
perhaps  to  add  to  "  sororize."  We, 
of  course,  have  no  desire,  no  sensible 
man  in  England  or  America  has  any 
desire,  to  enforce  this  fraternization 
at  the  point  of  the  bayonet.  Let  us 
go  on  criticising  each  other  ;  it  is 
good  for  both  of  us.  We  Americans 
have  been  sometimes  charged  with 
being  a  little  too  sensitive  ;  but  per 
haps  a  little  indulgence  may  be  due 
to  those  who  always  have  their  faults 


American  Stieag,        75 

told  to  them,  and  the  reference  to 
whose  virtues  perhaps  is  sometimes 
conveyed  in  a  foot-note  in  small  print. 
I  think  that  both  countries  have  a 
sufficiently  good  opinion  of  them 
selves  to  have  a  fairly  good  opinion 
of  each  other.  They  can  afford  it ; 
and  if  difficulties  arise  between  the 
two  countries,  as  they  unhappily  may, 
—  and  when  you  alluded  just  now  to 
what  De  Tocqueville  said  in  1828  you 
must  remember  that  it  was  only  thir 
teen  years  after  our  war,  — you  must 
remember  how  long  it  has  been  to 
get  in  the  thin  end  of  the  wedge  of 
International  Copyright ;  you  must 
remember  it  took  our  diplomacy 
nearly  one  hundred  years  to  enforce 
its  generous  principle  of  the  alienable 


76        SCmeritan 


allegiance,  and  that  the  greater  part 
of  the  bitterness  which  De  Tocque- 
ville  found  in  1828  was  due  to  the 
impressment  of  American  seamen, 
of  whom  something  like  fifteen  hun 
dred  were  serving  on  board  English 
ships  when  at  last  they  were  delivered. 
These  things  should  be  remembered, 
not  with  resentment  but  for  enlighten 
ment.  But  whatever  difficulties  oc 
curred  between  the  two  countries, 
and  there  may  be  difficulties  that  are 
serious,  I  do  not  think  there  will  be 
any  which  good  sense  and  good  feel 
ing  cannot  settle.  I  think  I  have 
been  told  often  enough  to  remember 
that  my  countrymen  are  apt  to  think 
that  they  are  in  the  right,  that  they 
are  always  in  the  right  ;  that  they  are 


American  3^ rag*        77 

apt  to  look  at  their  side  of  the  ques 
tion  only.  Now,  this  conduces  cer 
tainly  to  peace  of  mind  and  impertur 
bability  of  judgment,  whatever  other 
merits  it  may  have.  I  am  sure  I  do 
not  know  where  we  got  it.  Do  you  ? 
I  also  sympathize  most  heartily  with 
what  has  been  said  by  the  chairman 
with  regard  to  the  increasing  love  for 
England  among  my  countrymen.  I 
find  on  inquiry  that  they  stop  longer 
and  in  greater  numbers  every  year  in 
the  old  home,  and  feel  more  deeply 
its  manifold  charms.  They  also  are 
beginning  to  feel  that  London  is  the 
centre  of  the  races  that  speak  Eng 
lish,  very  much  in  the  sense  that 
Rome  was  the  centre  of  the  ancient 
world.  And  I  confess  that  I  never 


78        American 


think  of  London,  which  I  also  confess 
that  I  love,  without  thinking  of  that 
palace  which  David  built,  sitting  in 
hearing  of  a  hundred  streams  — 
streams  of  thought,  of  intelligence,  of 
activity.  And  one  other  thing  about 
London,  if  I  may  be  allowed  to  refer 
to  myself,  impresses  me  beyond  any 
other  sound  I  have  ever  heard,  and 
that  is  the  low,  unceasing  roar  that 
one  hears  always  in  the  air.  It  is  not 
a  mere  accident,  like  the  tempest  or 
the  cataract,  but  it  is  impressive  be 
cause  it  always  indicates  human  will 
and  impulse  and  conscious  movement, 
and  I  confess  that  when  I  hear  it  I 
almost  feel  that  I  am  listening  to  the 
roaring  loom  of  time.  A  few  words 
more.  I  will  only  say  this,  that  we, 


American  ^fceag,        79 


as  well  as  you,  have  inherited  a  com 
mon  trust  in  the  noble  language 
which,  in  its  subtle  compositiveness, 
is  perhaps  the  most  admirable  instru 
ment  of  human  thought  and  human 
feeling  and  cunning  that  has  ever 
been  unconsciously  devised  by  man. 
May  our  rivalries  be  in  fidelity  to 
that  trust.  We  have  also  inherited 
certain  traditions  political  and  moral-, 
and  in  doing  our  duty  towards  these 
it  seems  to  me  that  we  shall  find 
quite  enough  occupation  for  our 
united  thought  and  feeling. 


XL 

BEFORE    THE    LIVERPOOL    PHILO- 
MATHIC    SOCIETY. 

THE  Hon.  J.  RUSSELL  LOWELL,  for 
merly  the  United  States  representa 
tive  at  the  Court  of  St.  James,  was  the 
special  guest  on  Wednesday  night,  Nov 
ember  23,  1888,  at  a  banquet  of  the 
Liverpool  Philomathic  Society,  held  at 
the  Adelphi  Hotel,  Liverpool.  In  re 
sponse  to  the  toast,  "  The  Guest  of  the 
Evening,"  Mr.  LOWELL,  who  met  with  a 
cordial  reception,  referred  at  the  outset 
to  what  he  termed  a  rather  pathetic  in 
cident  of  his  literary  history.  He  said: 

It  is  connected,  with  the  first 
volume  which  introduced  me  to  the 
English  public.  It  was  not  the 
"  Bigelow  Papers "  or  "  Biglow 
Papers  "  —  I  beg  pardon  —  (Jaughtei*), 
but  it  was  a  little  volume  of  rather 


82        American 


immature  poetry  which  some  enthu-" 
siast  on  this  side  of  the  water  re 
printed  privately.  He  was  good 
enough  to  send  me  a  copy.  Perhaps 
it  is  known  to  you  that  we  have  a 
protective  system.  (Laughter?)  The 
book  was  accordingly  liable  to  duty 
as  coming  to  its  author,  and  for  the 
information  of  whomsoever  it  might 
concern  there  had  been  written  on 
the  outside  "Value  6d."  (Laughter.} 
I  laid  it  to  heart  at  once,  and  I  said 
to  myself,  "  Here  is  a  piece  of  criti 
cism  you  can  appreciate,  and  which, 
perhaps,  may  do  you  a  great  deal  of 
good."  (Laughter?) 

As  I  was  saying,  I  do  not  intend 
to  make  you  any  formal  speech,  and 
I  should  not  have  come  here  had  it 


American  ^fceag.        83 

not  been  that  I  think  it  the  duty  of 
every  man  who  can  say  anything  that 
affects  the  people,  whether  by  his 
pen  or  by  his  tongue,  to  go  anywhere 
where  expression  is  given  to  the 
friendly  feeling  which  it  is  the  desire 
of  all  wise  and  all  honest  men,  I 
think,  to  deepen  between  the  two 
countries  which  you  and  I  represent. 
You  have  been  good  enough,  Mr. 
President,  also  to  refer  to  my  career 
as  a  diplomatist  in  England,  and  you 
were  quite  right  in  saying  that  it  was 
my  endeavor  to  maintain  those  rela 
tions  —  those  friendly  relations  — 
and  I  hope  not  without  some  success. 
(Cheers^)  But  I  cannot  listen  to  this 
compliment,  I  cannot  accept  it,  with 
out  saying  that  I  was  followed  by  an 


84        American 


American  representative  who  has  the 
same  feeling,  and  who  has  represented 
America  as  ably  in  my  judgment  as 
she  was  ever  represented  in  England. 
(Cheers.}  That  reminds  me  that  we 
have  been  rather  remarkably  repre 
sented  here  in  England.  If  you  look 
over  the  list  of  our  Ministers  you  will 
find  that  we  have  had  three  Adamses, 
one  after  the  other,  grandfather, 
father  and  son  —  one  of  the  most 
really  striking  instances  of  heredity  I 
know  of  (laughter]  ;  and  the  last  Mr. 
Adams  wore  at  the  Court  of  Queen 
Victoria,  as  he  told  me,  the  regalia  in 
which  his  grandfather  was  robed 
when  he  made  his  bow  before  George 
III.  as  the  first  American  Minister 
in  England,  and  was,  I  am  bound  to 


American  ^fceag*        85 


say,  very  civilly  received  by  His 
Majesty.  (Laughter.^)  Those  are 
only  three  illustrations,  but  we  have 
many  others.  We  have  had  Galitz, 
for  instance,  a  prominent  American 
diplomatist  —  though  he  was  not  an 
American  by  birth,  but  was  a  natu 
ralized  Swiss. 

There  has  been  lately  —  I  am  not 
going  to  say  a  word  about  politics  ;  I 
always  rigidly  avoid  them  —  but  I 
have  seen  a  number  of  allusions  in 
the  newspapers  lately  to  a  certain 
tension,  as  the  journalists  like  to  call 
it,  between  the  two  countries.  I 
cannot  help  thinking  it  is  the  result 
of  a  little  irritation  on  both  sides  ; 
but  I  have  always  felt  that  nothing 
was  more  foolish  and  that  nothing 


86        American 


ought  to  be  more  rigidly  left  to  chil 
dren  than  the  "  You're  another." 
(Laughter  and  cheers.}  Now,  I  dare 
say  metaphysically,  you  are  another  ; 
but  there  are  occasions  when  the  tell 
ing  one  that  he  is  "  another  "  is  apt  to 
have  a  disastrous  effect,  and  I  think 
we  ought  to  avoid  it.  (CJieers.} 
When  we  look  at  the  enormous  ex 
tension  of  the  race  which  speaks 
English  (as  we  call  it,  for  I  am  always 
desirous  to  avoid  confining  it  to  the 
English  race,  as  we  used  to  term  it 
in  our  pride)  ;  when  we  consider  this 
growth  (though  I  do  not  quite  agree 
with  the  figures  of  some  of  my  friends, 
I  do  not  believe  we  shall  be  a  popu 
lation  of  one  hundred  millions  or  two 
hundred  millions  so  soon  as  is  ex- 


American  ^fbtag.        87 


pected)  ;  when  we  consider  this 
growth  we  find  a  remarkable  fact, 
and  one  which  no  thoughtful  man  can 
help  observing  and  reflecting  upon 
England  is  the  greatest  of  colonizing 
races.  This  is  a  great  distinction, 
and  ennobles  a  nation.  England  has 
put  a  girdle  of  three  prosperous  and 
vigorous  communities  around  the 
globe.  Of  course,  it  is  not  for  me  to 
say  a  word  about  Imperial  federation. 
I  am  not  sure  Imperial  federation 
would  be  a  good  thing.  I  am  not 
sure,  even  if  it  were  a  good  thing,  it 
is  not  a  dream.  It  is  not  for  me  to 
say  ;  but  it  seems  to  me  nobody  who 
looks  far  can  help  seeing  that  the 
time  may  not  be  far  distant  when  the 
good  understanding  among  all  these 


88        American 


English-speaking  people  and  their 
enormous  resources  may  have  great 
weight  in  deciding  the  destinies  of 
mankind.  (Cheers.)  Now,  I  am  one 
of  those  who  believe  that  civilization 
and  freedom  are  better  married  than 
divided,  that  they  go  better  together. 
Nobody  who  has  studied  history 
would  say  they  do  not  exist  apart,  but 
it  is  in  divorce,  and  each  is  the  worse 
for  it.  (Cheers.)  The  duty  which 
has  been  laid  upon  the  English-speak 
ing  races,  so  far  as  we  can  discover, 
has  been  to  carry  ever  the  great 
lessons  of  liberty  combined  with 
order.  (Cheers.*)  That  is  the  great 
secret  of  civilization.  We  may  have 
our  different  laws  and  different  forms 
of  government  ;  but  so  long  as  we 


American  5&ca£,        89 


sympathize  with  any  idea  that  so  far 
transcends  all  geographical  bounda 
ries  and  all  municipal  limits  as  that, 
I  think  you  will  agree  with  me  that 
nothing  can  be  more  important  than 
to  preserve  the  friendliest  relations 
between  the  two  greatest  representa 
tives  of  this  conquering  and  coloniz 
ing  race.  (Cheers?) 

I  did  not  intend  to  detain  you  so 
long  as  I  have  (cries  of  "  Go  on  "  ), 
but  I  have  also  in  my  experience  of 
after-dinner  speeches  observed  that 
a  speech  is  like  an  ill-broken  horse; 
it  is  apt  to  take  the  bit  between  its 
teeth  and  to  bolt  at  the  most  unex 
pected  moment.  A  speaker  fre 
quently  brings  up,  not  where  he  in 
tended  to  bring  up,  but  where  his 


90        American 


steed  chooses  to  land  him.  I  suppose 
that  before  coming  here  I  ought  to 
have  studied  carefully  the  history  of 
Liverpool,  with  which  I  ought  to  have 
appeared  to  have  been  familiar  from 
my  earliest  childhood.  (laughter.') 
Unfortunately,  there  was  no  history 
of  Liverpool  in  my  friend  Tom 
Brown's  library.  (Laughter.)  There 
were  histories  of  inferior  places  — 
Chester,  and  so  on  —  but  no  history 
of  Liverpool  ;  and  I  therefore  cannot 
give  you  a  great  deal  of  information 
which  I  have  no  doubt  would  have 
been  new  and  very  interesting  to  you, 
and  which  would  make  the  staple  of 
a  proper  after-dinner  speech.  But 
there  is  one  thing  I  remember  about 
Liverpool.  I  have  always  felt  a  sort 


American  ^fcea^        91 

of  literary  gratitude  to  Liverpool, 
strange  as  you  may  think  it.  In  my 
father's  library  I  remember  very  well 
three  quarto  volumes  stood  side  by 
side  more  years  ago  than  I  like  to 
say.  Two  of  these  volumes  were 
"  Lorenzo  the  Magnificent,"  and  the 
other  was  "  Poggio  Bracciolini."  I,  of 
course,  when  I  was  a  boy,  did  not 
know  precisely  the  meaning  of  those 
books  ;  but  they  did  to  a  certain  ex 
tent  afford  me  an  introduction  to  the 
"  Renaissance  in  Italy."  I  thought  — 
but  Sir  James  Picton  corrects  me  — 
that  it  was  Roscoe  who  translated 
the  life  of  the  second  Lorenzo  ;  but 
it  was  his  son,  I  am  informed,  who 
translated  another  book  which  gave 
me  my  first  acquaintance  with  the 


92        American 


Italian  Novelists,  and  which  was  a 
book  which  I  remember  buying  when 
I  was  making  a  library  of  my  own 
very  early  in  life. 

But  to  an  American  Liverpool 
generally  represents  the  gate  by 
which  he  enters  the  Old  World  ;  for 
as  our  ancestors  went  across  West  to 
find  a  new  world  there  in  that  unex 
plored  Atlantic,  as  they  thought  it 
might  be,  we  go  back  Eastward  to 
find  our  new  world  in  the  old  —  a  new 
world  of  continental  instruction  and 
freshness.  And  I  am  glad,  linked  as 
we  are  in  history  and  speaking,  as  I 
am  given  to  understand,  a  language 
which  at  least  can  be  understood  the 
one  by  the  other  (laughter]  —  I  am 
glad  to  find  that  my  countrymen 


Sdmerican  ^fcea^        93 


linger  more  and  more  in  the  land  of 
their  ancestors.  Formerly  Bristol 
was  the  great  port  through  which  in 
tercourse  with  America  was  kept  up, 
but  now  certainly  Liverpool  is  one 
end  of  the  three-thousand-mile  loom 
on  which  the  shuttles  which  are  bind 
ing  us  all  in  visible  ties  more  and 
more  together  are  continually  shoot 
ing  to  and  fro.  Liverpool  is  also  the 
gate  by  which  Americans  leave  the 
Old  World  to  go  home,  and  I  am  to  a 
certain  extent,  as  a  person  who 
crosses  the  seas  not  infrequently,  in 
terested  in  a  discussion  which  I  saw 
in  the  newspapers  the  other  day  as 
to  the  difficulties  of  embarcation  at 
Liverpool.  But  I  have  encountered 
one  which  I  did  not  expect,  and  that 


94        American 


difficulty  has  been  put  in  my  way  by 
the  Philomathic  Society.  You  have 
made  it  harder  to  get  away  from 
Liverpool  than  I  should  have  ex 
pected  or  supposed,  and  I  shall  carry 
away  with  me  when  I  go  to-morrow 
the  recollections  of  this  pleasant 
meeting  with  you,  of  its  cordiality,  of 
the  pleasant  things  that  have  been 
said  to  me,  and  that  we  often  accept 
things  that  we  do  not  deserve. 
(Laughter  and  cheers.') 


A  Selection 

.     .     .  from  the  Publications  of 


RECENT  AMERICANA. 


Pan!    Bevere :     A   Biography.     By   ELBRIDGK 
HBNKY  Goss. 

Embellished  with  illustrations,  comprising  portraits,  his 
torical  scenes,  old  and  quaint  localities,  views  of  colonial 
treets  and  bui'dings,  reproductions  of  curious  and  obsolete 
uts,  including  many  of  Paul  Revere's  own  caricatures  and 
ngravings,  etc.,  etc.,  executed  as  photo-gravures,  etchings, 
nd  woodcuts,  many  of  them  printed  in  colors, 
vols.,  8vo,  cloth,  $6.00;  large  paper,  $10.00. 

Porter's  Boston.     Forty  full-page,  and  over  fifty 
smaller   illustrations,  by  GHORGK  R.  TOLMAN.      ad  iditien. 
i  vol.,  large  quarto,  half  sealskin,  $6.00. 
A  few  copies  of  the  exceedingly  scarce  first  edition  can  be 

had  by  direct  application  to  the  publisher,  specially  bound  in 

half  calf  extra,  for  $9.00  net. 

The    Diary    of    Samuel    Sewall,    1674-1729. 

Edited  by  DR.  G.  E.  ELLIS,  W.  H.  WHITMORK,  H.  W. 
TORRBY  and  JAMES  RUSSELL  LOWBLL.  With  index  of  names, 
places  and  events.  3  vols.,  large  8vo.  Net,  $  10.00. 

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of  the  famous  diary  of  Chief  Justice  Sewall,  the  manuscript  of 
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Society.  It  abounds  in  wit,  humor  and  wisdom,  and  is  rich  in 
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Acts  of  the  Anti-Slayery  Apostles.    By  PARKER 

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Life  of  Admiral  Sir  Isaac  Coffin,  Baronet :  His 

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Interesting  not  only  to  members  of  the  Coffin  family,  but  to 
genealogists. 

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unheralded,  and  took  his  place  among  her  best  poets  and 
orators  by  the  right  divine  of  genius. 

Letter  and  Spirit.     By  A.  M.  RICHARDS. 

By  the  wife  of  the  celebrated  American  artist,  WILLIAM  T. 
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NE  W    VOL  UMES  OF  HUMOR. 

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Auld  Scots  Humor :  By  ROBERT  FORD.  Illus 
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Remarkable  for  facts  and  for  being  one  of  the  most  stir 
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and  upon  a  class  of  men  of  heroic  mould  but  humble  origin, 
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Glimpses  of  Norseland.     By  HETTA  M.    HKR- 

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Bahama  Islands:  History  and  guide  to  the  Ba 
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Boating  Trips  on  New  England  Hirers.     By 

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This  capital  book,  the  only  American  work  so  far  upon  its 
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Penelope's  Web:    A  Novel  of  Italy.   By  OWEN 

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Fellow    Travellers:     A  Story.    By  EDWARD 

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Watchwords   from     John     Boyle    O'Reilly: 

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